1
عمومی::
تولید صدا
Surgical treatment for polypoid degeneration and Reinke's edema is common, using a lateral incision to extract the superfluous contents while protecting the medial edge of the vocal fold.3 Voice therapy is valuable both preoperatively in identifying the causes of the pathology and postoperatively for reestablishing good vocal hygiene and improved voice production.
During symp- tomatic periods, laryngeal function for both respiration and voice production may be compromised by pain, swelling, and, in the most severe form, mechani- cal fixation, or ankylosis (fusion) of the cricoarytenoid joints.
Systemic or "whole body" influences such as endocrine function, allergies, and immunologic responses may also affect the larynx, so it is important for the voice pathologist to recognize these medical disorders that may influence voice production.1'3'13,56 To understand the relationship between body systems that affect the larynx, some researchers
Although thyroid disorders affect voice production, their impact is inconsistent across individuals and difficult to predict.3,13,69 Like other sys- temic conditions that may affect voice quality, thyroid etiologies may often be identified retroactively, once treat- ment has resolved the associated voice disorder.
Allergies are perhaps the most com- mon group of inflammatory disorders that affect voice production because of the localized secretions and irrita- tion in the pharyngeal, laryngeal, and
واژگان شبکه مترجمین ایران